https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals <p><img src="https://sampreshan.info/public/site/images/sampreshan/images-2.jpg" alt="" width="184" height="273" /></p> <p>Sampreshan ISSN: 2347-2979 UGC CARE GROUP 1 is a peer-reviewed, quarterly , online international refereed journal, which publishes original articles, research articles, review articles with top-level work from all areas of Research and their application including English, Hindi, Social Science, Mechanical, Civil, Electrical, Chemical, Electronics, Mathematics and Geological etc. Researchers in all English, Hindi, Social Science,technology and engineering fields are encouraged to contribute articles based on recent research. Journal publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field of Multiple Research.</p> <p><strong>Authors Should Follow the Below Guidelines:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Manuscript must be original and should not have been published previously / else where</li> <li>Manuscript must be written in English using MS-Word (doc or docx format)</li> <li>Manuscript should contain minimum 3 pages to maximum of 15 pages</li> <li>Maximum of FOUR authors are allowed per paper</li> <li>The font should be “Times New Roman”</li> <li>Be sure to include Index terms or Key words</li> <li>Follow the straightforward step your paper forthright publish</li> </ul> <p>Authors submit their profile Manuscript</p> <p>Manuscript checking by Reviewer committee and Give Reply Accept or Reject via mail.</p> <p>Accept your Manuscript after Author submits their payment and copyrights form at same time .</p> <p> Whether intentional or not, plagiarism is a serious violation. Plagiarism is the copying of ideas, text, data and other creative work (e.g. tables, figures and graphs) and presenting it as original research without proper citation. We define plagiarism as a case in which a paper reproduces another work with at least 35% similarity and without citation. If evidence of plagiarism is found before/after acceptance or after publication of the paper, the author will be offered a chance for rebuttal. If the arguments are not found to be satisfactory, the manuscript will be retracted and the author sanctioned from publishing papers for a period to be determined by the responsible Editor(s).</p> <ol> <li>Each manuscript will be primarily examined by the editor, and then forwarded to two referees for blind review. The research paper shall be published subject to recommendation of referees. The review process may take up to a week to one month (Maximum two months in extra ordinary circumstances).</li> <li>The author’s shall be informed about the selection/rejection of the article/paper by e-mail only. However, the journal shall publish the article/papers of the authors completing the formalities in due time mentioned in the selection letter. The rejected papers shall not be returned. 3. In case of acceptance of the article and completion of publication formalities by the author, journal reserves the right of making amendments in the final draft of the research paper to suit the journal’s requirement.</li> </ol> <p>This journal offers immediate free access to its content, following the principle that providing free scientific knowledge to the public provides greater global democratization of knowledge. From the publication made in the magazine the authors have copyright and publication rights of their articles without restrictions.</p> <p><strong>Submit your Manuscript: Email ID: [email protected]</strong></p> en-US [email protected] (Editor) [email protected] (Submit Research paper on ) Fri, 13 Mar 2026 04:19:09 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.7 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/466 <p>The concept of national identity in Pakistan and Afghanistan is of contested and evolving in nature. Both the countries of South Asia are highly fragmented and conflict-prone states. In this context, it is important to analyse the politics of national identity in these countries through comparative and theoretical lenses. This paper draws on constructivist, post-colonial, ethno-symbolist and instrumentalist frameworks to demonstrate that the national identity in both countries is not only historical inheritance but a continuously negotiated political project which is shaped by state narratives, ethnic pluralism, religious ideologies and external interventions. In Pakistan, the post-1947 state constructed Islam as a homogenizing national ideology intended to subsume linguistic and ethnic diversity. However, the persistent marginalization of non-Punjabi groups, tensions over linguistic imposition and the deepening of sectarian divides particularly after Zia-ul-Haq’s Islamization policies have fractured the state’s centralizing narratives which has culminated in separatist movements, internal insurgencies and crises of legitimacy. Afghanistan on the other hand, reveals a different but equally complex dynamics where Pashtun-centric state formation, multi-ethnic competition and recurring foreign interventions have impeded the consolidation of a cohesive Afghan identity. The attempt of &nbsp;Taliban to impose a unitary religious identity have further deepened ethnic cleavages and undermined inclusive nation-building. The comparative analysis highlights that in both the states, the identity formation is inseparable from colonial legacies, geopolitical pressures, elite manipulation and the structural weaknesses of post-colonial statecraft. The study argues that the exclusive and centralizing identity narratives have repeatedly produced cycles of violence, fragmentation and political instability. It concludes by asserting the necessity of pluralistic, inclusive and decentralized approaches to identity construction for any sustainable national cohesion in Pakistan and Afghanistan.&nbsp;</p> Haamid Ali Shah , Humara Hashimy Copyright (c) 2026 Sampreshan, ISSN:2347-2979 UGC CARE Group 1 https://sampreshan.info/ https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/466 Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000