https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/issue/feedSampreshan, ISSN:2347-2979 UGC CARE Group 12024-12-19T08:21:38+00:00Editor[email protected]Open Journal Systems<p><img src="https://sampreshan.info/public/site/images/sampreshan/images-2.jpg" alt="" width="184" height="273" /></p> <p>Sampreshan ISSN: 2347-2979 UGC CARE GROUP 1 is a peer-reviewed, quarterly , online international refereed journal, which publishes original articles, research articles, review articles with top-level work from all areas of Research and their application including English, Hindi, Social Science, Mechanical, Civil, Electrical, Chemical, Electronics, Mathematics and Geological etc. Researchers in all English, Hindi, Social Science,technology and engineering fields are encouraged to contribute articles based on recent research. Journal publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field of Multiple Research.</p> <p><strong>Authors Should Follow the Below Guidelines:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Manuscript must be original and should not have been published previously / else where</li> <li>Manuscript must be written in English using MS-Word (doc or docx format)</li> <li>Manuscript should contain minimum 3 pages to maximum of 15 pages</li> <li>Maximum of FOUR authors are allowed per paper</li> <li>The font should be “Times New Roman”</li> <li>Be sure to include Index terms or Key words</li> <li>Follow the straightforward step your paper forthright publish</li> </ul> <p>Authors submit their profile Manuscript</p> <p>Manuscript checking by Reviewer committee and Give Reply Accept or Reject via mail.</p> <p>Accept your Manuscript after Author submits their payment and copyrights form at same time .</p> <p> Whether intentional or not, plagiarism is a serious violation. Plagiarism is the copying of ideas, text, data and other creative work (e.g. tables, figures and graphs) and presenting it as original research without proper citation. We define plagiarism as a case in which a paper reproduces another work with at least 35% similarity and without citation. If evidence of plagiarism is found before/after acceptance or after publication of the paper, the author will be offered a chance for rebuttal. If the arguments are not found to be satisfactory, the manuscript will be retracted and the author sanctioned from publishing papers for a period to be determined by the responsible Editor(s).</p> <ol> <li>Each manuscript will be primarily examined by the editor, and then forwarded to two referees for blind review. The research paper shall be published subject to recommendation of referees. The review process may take up to a week to one month (Maximum two months in extra ordinary circumstances).</li> <li>The author’s shall be informed about the selection/rejection of the article/paper by e-mail only. However, the journal shall publish the article/papers of the authors completing the formalities in due time mentioned in the selection letter. The rejected papers shall not be returned. 3. In case of acceptance of the article and completion of publication formalities by the author, journal reserves the right of making amendments in the final draft of the research paper to suit the journal’s requirement.</li> </ol> <p>This journal offers immediate free access to its content, following the principle that providing free scientific knowledge to the public provides greater global democratization of knowledge. From the publication made in the magazine the authors have copyright and publication rights of their articles without restrictions.</p> <p><strong>Submit your Manuscript: Email ID: [email protected]</strong></p>https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/254POSTMODERN INDO-ANGLIAN LITERATURE: EXPLORING THE INDIGENOUS PERSPECTIVE2024-09-02T05:03:53+00:00Dr. Surender Singh[email protected]<p>Postmodern Indo-Anglian literature offers a rich tapestry of narratives that reflect the complexities and multiplicities of Indian identities and experiences. This body of literature, emerging prominently in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, intertwines indigenous cultural elements with global literary techniques, thereby providing a unique lens through which to explore Indian society, history, and politics. By employing postmodern strategies such as metafiction, intertextuality, and fragmentation, Indo-Anglian writers challenge traditional narratives and offer alternative perspectives that highlight the diversity and dynamism of India's cultural landscape. Key themes include the deconstruction of colonial legacies, the interrogation of modernity, and the celebration of hybridity and plurality. Authors like Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy, and Amitav Ghosh, among others, delve into the indigenous perspective, reclaiming and redefining Indian identity in a globalized world. This abstract underscore the significance of postmodern Indo-Anglian literature in contributing to global literary discourse and enriching our understanding of India's multifaceted heritage.</p>2024-09-02T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright (c)https://creativecommons.org/liceses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/257SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEM AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN INDIA2024-09-02T05:21:16+00:00Prof. Vijay K. More, Dr. Sagarraj Rohidas Chavan[email protected]<p>Sustainable ecosystems and effective environmental management are critical for ensuring the long-term health and resilience of natural resources, which are vital for human well-being and economic stability. In India, a country characterized by diverse ecosystems and rapid economic growth, the challenges of maintaining ecological balance and managing environmental issues are particularly pronounced. This research paper aims to explore the significance of sustainable ecosystem practices and environmental management strategies within the Indian context. It examines the current state of environmental management, assesses the effectiveness of existing policies, and identifies key challenges and opportunities for improvement. Using a combination of literature review, case studies, and policy analysis, the study reveals that while India has made significant strides in implementing environmental policies and management practices, there remain substantial obstacles related to governance, social factors, and technical limitations. The findings suggest that enhancing policy frameworks, fostering community engagement, and leveraging technological innovations are essential for achieving more sustainable outcomes. The research concludes that a comprehensive and integrated approach to environmental management is crucial for addressing India's complex environmental challenges and ensuring the sustainability of its ecosystems.</p>2024-09-02T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright (c)https://creativecommons.org/liceses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/258राष्ट्रीय शैक्षणिक धोरि 2020: शालेय णशक्षिाची गुिवत्ता आणि राष्ट्रीय णिशन2024-09-02T05:24:03+00:00डॉ. संगीता बाबुराव भालेराव[email protected]<p>नवीन धोरणामध्ये शालेय शिक्षणाचा दर्जा श्रेष्ठतम राखण्याचा प्रयत्न करण्यात आला आहे. ज्ञान हे केवळ अभ्यासासाठी आणि परीक्षा उत्तीर्ण करण्यासाठी नाही तर त्यांचे तार्किक, सर्जनशील, नैतिक विचार विकसित करण्यासाठी आहे. शालेय स्तरावर अनेक चांगले बदल करण्यात आले आहेत. राष्ट्रीय शैक्षणिक धोरण 2020 हे अत्यंत क्रांतिकारी असे धोरण मानले जाते. अनेक नवीन बदल यात आपणास पहावयास मिळत आहेत.</p> <p>शैक्षणिक परिणामांची सध्याची स्थिती आणि खरोखर काय आवश्यक आहे यामधील अंतर कमी करण्यासाठी, वर्गातील व्यवहार सक्षमतेवर आधारित शिक्षण आणि शिक्षणाकडे वळले पाहिजेत. मूल्यांकन साधने देखील दिलेल्या वर्गाच्या शिक्षण परिणामांशी संरेखित करणे आवश्यक आहे. हे साध्य करण्यासाठी, सर्व टप्प्यांवर, अनुभवात्मक शिक्षणाचा अवलंब करणे आवश्यक आहे, ज्यामध्ये कला एकात्मिक आणि क्रीडा एकात्मिक शिक्षण, कथाकथनावर आधारित अध्यापनशास्त्र, इतरांसह, प्रत्येक विषयातील मानक अध्यापनशास्त्र आणि विविध विषयांमधील संबंधांचे अन्वेषण यांचा समावेश आहे.</p> <p>राष्ट्रीय शैक्षणिक धोरण-2020 यामध्ये शालेय स्तरावर नवीन प्रारूप आखण्यात आले आणि जे घटक आतापर्यंत दुर्लक्षित होते त्या घटकांचाही समावेश मुलभूत शिक्षणात करण्यात आला आहे. शालेय स्तरावर अभ्यासक्रम सोपा आणि मनोरंजक असावा याची विशेष काळजी घेण्यात आली आहे. आधुनिक काळानुसार विद्यार्थ्यांचा सर्वांगीण दृष्टीने विकास घडवून आणणारी शिक्षण व्यवस्था असणे काळाची गरज होती. ती गरज नवीन शैक्षणिक धरणामुळे पूर्ण झाली आहे.</p> <p>राष्ट्रीय शैक्षणिक धोरण 2020 अंतर्गत, अभ्यासक्रम विद्यार्थ्यांसाठी मनोरंजक बनविला गेला आहे आणि तांत्रिक ज्ञान आणि त्याचे व्यावहारिकप्रशिक्षण देखील समाविष्ट केले गेले आहे. त्याचा उहापोह सदर लेखात करण्यात आला आहे.</p>2024-09-02T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright (c)https://creativecommons.org/liceses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/259SHAPING IDEOLOGIES: THE EARLY LIFE AND REVOLUTIONARY PATH OF SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE2024-09-02T05:26:42+00:00Bishwa Ranjan, Dr. Neeraj Kumar Singh[email protected]<p>Subhas Chandra Bose remains a seminal figure in India’s quest for independence, celebrated for his revolutionary zeal and strategic foresight. This paper delves into Bose's early life, psychological framework, and the environmental factors that shaped his ideologies. Raised in an affluent Bengali family, Bose's nationalist fervor was deeply influenced by the extremist nationalism of Bengal and the spiritual teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. The study examines Bose’s political journey, emphasizing his tenure as Congress President and the establishment of the Indian National Army (INA) highlighting his commitment to militant nationalism. Despite considerable opposition and numerous setbacks, Bose's legacy as a revolutionary leader is indelible. His initiatives spurred mass mobilization and infused a militant spirit into the Indian independence movement.</p>2024-09-02T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright (c)https://creativecommons.org/liceses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/264PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS AT KONDHAVALE, TAMHINI AND NIVE, TALUKA MULSHI, DIST. PUNE, MAHARASHTRA2024-09-06T10:13:45+00:00Abhijit Thite[email protected]<p>An archaeological exploration was carried out in Kondhavale, Tamhini and Nive, Taluka Mulshi, Dist. Pune, in the year December 2020 and December 2021. This route is popularly known as Tamhini pass. From Pune, it leads to Mangaon, Mahad, Raigad and Pali (Dist. Raigad). Kondhavale to Nive patch (32 kms) was explored. This paper reveals about<br>1. Archaeological remains in the area.<br>2. Link between already documented places in and around this area.</p>2024-09-06T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright (c)https://creativecommons.org/liceses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/269ई -सामग्री विकास तथा ऑनलाइन शिक्षा के माध्यम से प्रभावी शिक्षण की संकल्पना2024-09-09T04:49:55+00:00डॉ० सुनीता गुप्ता [email protected]<p>वर्तमान समय में हम तकनीक के बिना अपने जीवन की कल्पना भी नहीं कर सकते। शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में भी विद्यार्थियों को गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा प्रदान करने में ई-सामग्री व ऑनलाइन माध्यमों का प्रयोग बड़े स्तर पर किया जा रहा है। यह विद्यार्थियों की विभिन्न शैक्षिक एवं पारिवारिक पृष्ठभूमि के मद्देनजर उनकी विभिन्न शैक्षिक आवश्यकताओं को समझने एवं उसके अनुसार अध्ययन सामग्री को उपलब्ध कराने में सहायता प्रदान करता है। विद्यार्थियों के अधिगम स्तर की त्वरित परख एवं तदनुसार क्षमता वृद्धि करने में भी ई-सामग्री व ऑनलाइन माध्यमों की भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण हो गयी है। आज के परम्परागत शिक्षा के बदले हुए परिवेश में शिक्षा प्राप्ति के उद्देश्यों में भी भिन्नता देखने को मिलती है। जीविकोपार्जन के नवीन संसाधन एवं बदलते समय में व्यवसायपरक शिक्षा की पहुँच ज्यादा से ज्यादा विद्यार्थियों तक सुनिश्चित करने में ऑनलाइन माध्यमों ने निश्चित रूप से महती भूमिका निभाई है। इसी को दृष्टिगत रखते हुए शिक्षा प्रदाताओं ने ई-सामग्री के विकास पर अपना ध्यान केन्द्रित किया है जिससे विद्यार्थियों को अधिकतम व आवश्यकतानुसार ई-सामग्री की उपलब्धता सुनिश्चित की जा सके तथा उन्हें ऑनलाइन शिक्षण के माध्यम से प्रभावी शिक्षा प्रदान की जा सके परन्तु उन क्षेत्रों में जहाँ पर या तो नेटवर्क उपलब्ध नहीं है या आर्थिक रूप से सक्षम न होने के कारण विद्यार्थी इन उपलब्ध अवसरों का लाभ नहीं उठा पा रहे हैं वहाँ पर ऑनलाइन शिक्षण के माध्यम से प्रभावी शिक्षण की संकल्पना केवल कल्पना मात्र ही है।</p>2024-09-09T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright (c)https://creativecommons.org/liceses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/272THE ROLE OF INCOME TAX IN INDIA FOR PROMOTING ECONOMIC RESOURCE REDISTRIBUTION: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS2024-09-12T05:56:38+00:001 Minal Ritesh Parekh, 2 Dr. Sharma Rashmi[email protected]<p>Income tax, a fundamental component of fiscal policy in most nations, serves a dual purpose: revenue generation and the promotion of economic resource redistribution. This research paper offers an in-depth exploration of income tax's pivotal role in fostering a more equitable distribution of economic resources within a country. It delves into the mechanisms that underpin progressive taxation, examines the tangible impact of income tax policies on income inequality, and scrutinizes the challenges and potential reforms necessary for optimizing income tax systems towards achieving a more just and balanced wealth distribution. Through a thorough analysis of progressive taxation, wealth redistribution mechanisms, and the broader implications of income tax, this paper sheds light on how income tax can be harnessed as a potent instrument for advancing economic resource redistribution goals.</p>2024-09-12T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright (c)https://creativecommons.org/liceses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/278Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Eugenia roxburghii DC. extract and activity against biofilm-producing bacteria2024-09-18T07:48:09+00:00Dr. Aparna Jha , Dr. Alka Shukla[email protected]<h1> </h1> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p> </p> <p>The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their applications have attracted many researchers as the AgNPs are used effectively in targeting specific tissues and pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study is to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles from fully expanded leaves of <em>Eugenia roxburghii</em> DC., as well as to test their effectiveness in inhibiting biofilm production. In this study, at 0.1 mM concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3), stable AgNPs were synthesized and authenticated by monitoring the color change of the solution from yellow to brown, which was confirmed with spectrophotometric detection of optical density. The crystalline nature of these AgNPs was detected through an X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern. AgNPs were characterized through a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) to study the morphology and size of the nanoparticles (NPs). A new biological approach was undertaken through the Congo Red Agar (CRA) plate assay by using the synthesized AgNPs against biofilm production. The AgNPs effectively inhibit biofilm formation and the biofilm-producing bacterial colonies. This could be a significant achievement in contending with many dynamic pathogens.</p>2024-09-18T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Sampreshan, ISSN:2347-2979 UGC CARE Group 1https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/292हिन्दी ग़ज़लों में प्रेम का निरूपण2024-10-05T09:37:00+00:00डॉ. अशोक कुमार यादव[email protected]<p>प्रेम का मानव जीवन में बहुत महत्त्व है। प्रेम के कारण ही आपसी भाईचारा, रिष्ते-नाते तथा आपसी संबंध बनते हैं। प्रेम ग़ज़ल का भी मूल विषय रहा है। ‘ग़ज़ल’ शब्द मूलतः अरबी भाषिक है जिसका अर्थ ‘सूत कातना’ माना गया है। इसके साथ ही ग़ज़ल एक काव्य विधा का भी रूप है। ग़ज़ल काव्य का विकास अरबी की बजाय फारसी में सर्वाधिक माना गया है। जैसा कि एक मत यह है कि ‘‘ग़ज़ल विधा का उद्भव अरबी साहित्य में न होकर फारसी साहित्य में हुआ। जब फारसी के साहित्यकारों का हिन्दुस्तान से सम्पर्क हुआ तो ग़ज़ल की विधा फारसी से उर्दू तथा हिन्दी में आयी।’’1 वास्तव में ग़ज़ल विधा की शुरुआत हिन्दी के अलावा अन्य भाषाओं में हुई। ग़ज़ल विधा को हिन्दी में लाने का श्रेय अमीर खुसरो को दिया जाता है। अमीर खुसरो का समय लगभग तेरहवीं सदी के आस-पास का है। उन्होंने ईरानी और भारतीय संस्कृति को आपस में जोड़ने के लिए भाषाओं का मिश्रण करते हुए अपने साहित्य की रचना की। ऐसा माना जाता है कि अमीर खुसरो को फारसी, उर्दू के अलावा भारतीय भाषाओं का भी अच्छा-खासा ज्ञान था। अमीर खुसरो ने भी अपनी ग़ज़लों में प्रेम को महत्त्व दिया है। उनका एक शेर द्रष्टव्य है -</p>2024-10-05T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright (c)https://creativecommons.org/liceses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/300THE ROLE OF NEP 2020 IN SHAPING CONSUMER SKILLS AND BEHAVIORAL TRENDS IN INDIA'S EVOLVING MARKET2024-10-10T05:42:53+00:00Dr. Suchithra Devi S 1, Aswathy Chandra C H 2, Pujari Jhansi laxmi 3, Mr. Lakshmana Rao 4[email protected]<p>India's educational system is set to undergo a dramatic change with the implementation of the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020), which would have a profound impact on a number of areas, including market dynamics and consumer behaviour. This article examines how NEP 2020 can affect consumer behaviour and skill developments in India's changing market. We investigate how the focus on digital literacy, critical thinking, and vocational skills in NEP 2020 may affect consumer decision-making processes, financial literacy, and overall market engagement through a thorough assessment of the literature and consideration of policy objectives. The research underscores the possibility of heightened consumer consciousness, better-informed buying choices, and a transition towards sustainable consumption habits. It also looks into how technology integration in the classroom influences the uptake of e-commerce and digital consumption. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines consumer surveys, expert interviews, and policy analysis. According to research, NEP 2020 may result in a customer population that is more astute and powerful, which might change consumer desires and corporate tactics in India. The ramifications for corporations, legislators, and educators in anticipating and adjusting to these shifts in consumer behaviour are covered in the article's conclusion.</p>2024-10-10T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright (c)https://creativecommons.org/liceses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/310A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON YOGA PERCEPTION AND PRACTICE MOTIVATION IN MUMBAI’S WESTERN SUBURBS2024-10-22T04:34:21+00:00*Dr. Sakshi Khatri, ** Prof Dilip Jain[email protected]<p>Originating over 5,000 years ago, Yoga remains a vital part of India’s cultural heritage and has gained global recognition for promoting inner peace and health. Social media is said to have played a key role in promoting yoga globally. The current study offers insights into how social media shaped perceptions of Yoga and motivated social media users to practice yoga. The study adopts a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 100 social media users from the Western Suburbs of Mumbai using a random sampling technique. Hypotheses were tested using the Chi-Square test. The result of the present study revealed that social media users' perceptions of yoga are influenced by the frequency of exposure to yoga content on social media, yoga influencers followed and the type of content shared by yoga influencers. Also, the duration of exposure to yoga content on social media per day and the frequency of engagement with yoga influencers motivate social media users to practice yoga.</p>2024-10-22T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright (c)https://creativecommons.org/liceses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/317A Study on the Prospects and Constraints of Rural Tourism Promotion Through Social Media in Southern Rajasthan2024-11-06T11:04:08+00:00Nikita Maheshwari and Dr. Namrata Khemraj Yadav[email protected]<p> </p> <p> </p> <p>This paper explores the prospects and challenges of using social media to promote rural tourism in Southern Rajasthan, an area with a strong cultural heritage but economic limitations. Low levels of digital literacy, limited internet access, and cultural sensitivities constitute barriers to engaging local communities and attracting tourists; however, social media holds much promise. This paper applies ANOVA to the perception that demographic differences affect social media's role in tourism promotion by collecting primary data using questionnaires. The outcome indicated social media as one relatively inexpensive marketing tool for hosting community participation and greater worldwide exposure for region-specific attractions. The study therefore identifies major limitations and influential factors in using social media to balance cultural sensitivities with broader economic opportunities for sustainable tourism growth.</p>2024-11-06T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Sampreshan, ISSN:2347-2979 UGC CARE Group 1https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/332भारतीय संविधान के निर्माण में महिलाओं का योगदान2024-12-08T13:59:07+00:00डॉ. राजेंद्र काशीनाथ जाधव[email protected]<p>लोकतंत्र, संविधान, संवैधानिक समिति, ध्वज समिति, देशभक्ति, गैरकानूनी, मसौदा, विधेयक, राजदूत, विभाजन, नागरिकता एवं द्विसदनीय आदि ।</p>2024-12-08T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Sampreshan, ISSN:2347-2979 UGC CARE Group 1https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/333संत नामदेव यांच्या साहित्यातील समाज प्रबोधनात्मक जाणीवा2024-12-08T14:01:53+00:00डॉ. मयूर धनराज रवंदळे, [email protected]<p>संत नामदेव व संत कबीर हे मध्ययुगीन काळातील प्रमुख संत होते. मध्ययुगीन कालखंडात त्याकाळात मुस्लिम राजवट होती. समाजात अराजकता निर्माण झालेली होती. प्रत्येक धर्मात कर्मकांड, अंधश्रद्धा, चमत्कार, बुवाबाजी, आचारधर्म, जातिय आणि धार्मिक संघर्ष वाढत चाललेले होते. अशा या काळात समाजाला अंधश्रद्धेच्या जोखडातून मुक्त करण्यासाठी, धर्माचा खरा अर्थ सांगण्यासाठी संत मंडळीनी निर्गुण उपासनेचे महत्त्व सांगितले. समाजात समता प्रस्थापित व्हावी म्हणून समाज प्रबोधन केले.</p>2024-12-08T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Sampreshan, ISSN:2347-2979 UGC CARE Group 1https://sampreshan.info/index.php/journals/article/view/344भारत और चीन के मध्य बढ़ता सैन्य व सामरिक तनाव का विश्लेषण2024-12-19T08:21:38+00:001. श्रीमती शिल्पी तिवारी , 2. डाॅ. संध्या जायसवाल[email protected]<p>एकदलीय एव साम्यवाद के उदयकाल से ही शीघ्र यह बात स्पष्ट हो गई थी कि चीन विश्व-महाशक्ति बनने एवं एशियाई नेतृत्व की महत्वकांक्षा पाले हुये है। अपनी इस लालसा को पूरा करने के लिए चीन के द्वारा साम्राज्यवाद, सीमा विस्तारवाद, व्यापारिक-आर्थिक प्रभुत्ववाद तथा कपटभरी विदेश नीति को अपना मुख्य हथियार अपनाया। माओत्से तंुग के नेत्तृत्व में 1 अक्टुबर 1949 को चीन में साम्यवादी सत्ता की स्थापना के पश्चात तीव्र गति से चीन का बहुमुखी विकास हुआ। परमाणु हथियारों के निर्माण से लेकर सामरिक, व्यापारिक एवं आर्थिक विकास, प्रौद्योगिकी, अंतरिक्ष अभियान इत्यादि अनेक क्षेत्रों में चीन ने अपना दबदबा कायम किया। इसके इन्हीं सफलताओं के अभियान में शीघ्र-ही चीन अपने आपको विश्वमहाशक्ति एवं एशिया में प्रमुख शक्ति के रूप में देखने लगा। विश्वपटल पर अपने आपको स्थापित करने के लिए चीन ने हथियारों का विशाल जखीरा खड़ा किया। एशिया में लगभग सभी देशों के साथ तथा समुद्र में चीनी अतिक्रमण से विवाद उत्पन्न हुये। पड़ोसी देशों के आँतरिक, मामलों में हस्तक्षेप करना, सीमाविस्तारवाद तथा भारत को एशिया में अपना प्रमुख प्रतिद्वंद्वी मानते हुये, भारत को लगातार घेरने का प्रयास करना आदि ऐसे अनेक कारण हैं जिससे भारत और चीन के मध्य लगातार सैन्य एवं सामरिक तनाव बढ़ते गया।</p>2024-12-19T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright (c)https://creativecommons.org/liceses/by-nc-nd/4.0